Title:	The HIP-MWT+ Solar Cell Concept on n-Type Silicon and Metallization-Induced Voltage Losses
Author(s):	E. Lohmüller, S. Lohmüller, B. Thaidigsmann, N. Wöhrle, S. Mack, F. Clement, D. Biro
Keywords:	Recombination, n-Type Silicon Solar Cell, MWT, Metallization, Metallisation, H-pattern, spikes
Topic:	WAFER-BASED SILICON SOLAR CELLS AND MATERIALS TECHNOLOGY
Subtopic:	Silicon Solar Cell Improvements
Event:	29th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition
Session:	2DO.4.1
Pages:	635 - 641
ISBN:	3-936338-34-5
Paper DOI:	10.4229/EUPVSEC20142014-2DO.4.1
Price:	0,00 EUR
Document(s):	paper

Abstract/Summary:

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We present high-performance metal wrap through+ (n-HIP-MWT+) solar cells (239 cm² area) on n-type Czochralski-grown silicon (Cz-Si) wafers with a boron-doped front-side emitter. Peak conversion efficiencies of = 19.5 % are measured using a black chuck. Short-circuit current density jSC, open-circuit voltage VOC, and fill factor FF are 39.6 mA/cm², 650 mV, and 75.7 %, respectively. The loss in VOC, caused by front and rear side metallization, is found to be 16 mV for the n-HIP-MWT+ as well as for H-pattern cells with electrically non-contacting busbars fabricated in parallel, whereas the use of electrically contacting busbars in case of the H-pattern cells leads to a significantly higher VOC loss of 24 mV. The saturation current density underneath the front silver-aluminum (Ag-Al) contacts is determined to be j0,met,Ag-Al ≈ 3500 fA/cm², which is three times larger than j0,met,Ag found for the silver contacts on the rear side. The high j0,met,Ag-Al values are assumed to originate from deep spikes formed during Ag-Al paste contact firing. This assumption is supported by numerical simulations performed with Sentaurus Device.